Tourette syndrome and How Do We control It
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood onset neurodevelopment condition characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic that have persisted for more than one year since their onset(1) . Tics are defined as paroxysmal , rapid, nonrhythmic movements motor tics or vocalisation phonic tics(2). Motor tics range from single, short, sudden movements, such as eye blinking or nose twitching to complex behavioral sequences such as squatting, jumping, or even obscene gestures (copropraxia) Vocal tics can range from inarticulate single vocalizations to echolalia , one repeats the words of other paralilia , one repeats his/her own words or even the controversial feature of coprolalia “the utterance of obscenities(3). TS is commonly associated with other co-morbid conditions – such as ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder (OCD), Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety and affective disorder – in approximately 90% of people with TS, also document that these co-occurring conditions might affect and diminish the quality of life of individuals with TS more than the actual tics(4). The cause of Tourette’s syndrome is unknown, but the pathophysiology most likely involves basal ganglia and Frontocortical circuits a useful scheme of basal ganglia dysfunction(5). A mutation in histidine decarboxylase (Hdc), the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of histamine (HA), has been implicated as a rare genetic cause (6). This report aims to to broaden your knowledge about what this syndrome is in a whole, how to diagnose it and how it is managed. Also how patients reacted to different medications during numerous trials and what type of treatment turned out to be the most therapeutic.
Other
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood onset neurodevelopment condition characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic that have persisted for more than one year since their onset .commonly associated with other co-morbid conditions – such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Its pathophysiology most likely involves basal ganglia and frontocortical circuits. TS suppression is common in physicians' offices, and the best time to look for tics is when the patient is walking into or out of the examination room and theres a criteria for it that will be discussed later on for its diagnosis. As for its treatment it includes pharmacological therapy, local intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin is one of the therapeutic options and surgical treatment with deepbrain stimulation has recently been used in patients with TS who have disabling tics that are refractory to medication.
