Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinological disorder, it is associated with familial syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), this syndrome is caused by inactivating mutation of the ...

The term Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) was coined by the French dermatologist Ferdinand-Jean, due to its characteristic yellow tone of skin, it is a genetically determined autosomal recessive disorder involving the ABCC6 ...

Background: Bee venom therapy (BVT) is a biotoxin, using bee products like honey, pollen, and bee venom to prevent or cure illness and enhance healing. It also helps to treat many diseases like arthritis, back pain, skin ...

Hemolytic Transfusion reaction is an adverse reaction associated with transfusion of blood products; transfusion reaction may be acute or delayed (chronic). Acute transfusion those temporarily associated with transfusion ...

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an uncommon lung disease with an accumulation of pulmonary surfactant within pulmonary alveoli that causes progressive respiratory insufficiency. The majority of the cases of pulmonary ...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive disease of the nervous system affecting ones movement. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. PD is characterized by cardinal ...

HIV is one of the main infectious diseases that infect millions of people around the world and the major cause of AIDS, even though great efforts have been made in the prevention and therapy of HIV-1 infection, HIV-1/AIDS ...

A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. They play a role in the ...

Our cells response to low oxygen tension (hypoxia) by transcriptional induction of a series of genes, this induction is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are family of transcription factors consist of ...

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common complex congenital malformations resulting from failure of the neural tube closure during embryogenesis, a lot of studies established that folic acid supplementation decreases the ...

Helicobacter Pylori (H.pylori) is a curved gram negative bacterium that mainly infects the stomach mucosa , it is urease positive and can neutralize the gastric mucosa and is associated with gastric carcinomas and peptic ...

Febrile seizures are the most common convulsive disorder in children under 5 years old. Among these children, some develop recurrent febrile seizures. The syndrome of febrile seizures is defined as seizures associated ...

Different cancers affect millions of people around the world and is considered one of humanity's greatest challenges, traditionally cancer is tackled by therapeutic methods such as radiation or surgery, chemotherapy as ...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes become resistant to the antibiotics that are designed to cure them. Genetic interactions or epistasis of AMR mutations play an important role in determining the ...

Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic muscle disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Within this group, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and one of the most severe. ...

Vitamin D is principally known for its role in calcium homeostasis, but preclinical studies implicate multiple pathways through which vitamin D may affect cardiovascular function and influence risk for heart failure. ...

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in elderly. It leads to progressive cognitive decline due to accumulation of two proteins (β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and Tau) in the forms of senile plaques and ...

Immune checkpoint blockade has used as a treatment of patients with advanced melanoma and many other cancers. Blockade of inhibitory receptors, cytotoxic Tlymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death receptor ...

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by complement-fixing antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChR). Cholinesterase inhibitors, Glucocorticoid , which is currently recommended as a first-line ...

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive neurologic degeneration, fatal in early childhood. In the Ashkenazi Jewish population the disease incidence is about 1 in every 3,500 ...