dc.contributor.author | Amer, Fatma | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-09-30T08:55:53Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-09-30T08:55:53Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-03-12 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.limu.edu.ly/handle/123456789/2077 | |
dc.description | Unlike other solid tumor types, such as melanoma with elevated mutational
load, thus activating an antitumor immune response, breast cancer has not
traditionally been thought to be immunogenic. But recent studies on tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes, immune milieu, checkpoints and significant
heterogeneity within breast cancer subtypes, have cast new light on the role
of immune system in breast cancer. [3]
In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a possible fourth leader after
surgery, chemo and radiotherapy, targeting cancer not by its anatomic
location or tendency to divide, but by the inherent mechanisms the immune
system uses to distinguish between healthy and pathologic tissue. The
immune system is amazingly complex. It can recognize and remember
millions of different enemies, and it can produce secretions and cells to
match up with and wipe out each one of them. Scientists have discovered
that the immune system is capable of destroying tumor cells, and that the
body defends itself against cancer in much the same way that it defends
itself against infection. Harnessing the immune system to recognize and
destroy tumor cells has been the central goal of anti-cancer immunotherapy.
There are more than one type of immunotherapy: Monoclonal antibodies
(MABs), Checkpoint Inhibitors, Cytokines, Vaccines to treat cancer and
CAR T-cell therapy.[2] | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death among women
worldwide. Currently breast cancer is one of the major cancer types for
which new immune-based cancer treatments are in development. Triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC), is characterized by a lack of expression of
estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/ neu. TNBCs
are generally high-grade, aggressive tumors with a high rate of distant
metastasis and limited treatment options. Novel therapeutic strategies are
needed to improve the management of patients with TNBC. A promising
avenue of clinical research in breast cancer is the use of immune
checkpoints. The aim of the study was to evaluate expression levels of
selected immune checkpoints- PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), and
PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) in breast cancer patients.
Immunogenicity appears to be gaining importance in triple negative and
HER2-positive molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and the results in this
study provide a basis for further investigation into the role of immune
checkpoints in breast cancer. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | faculty of Basic Medical Science - Libyan International Medical University | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 3.0 United States | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ | * |
dc.title | Immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer treatment | en_US |
dc.type | Other | en_US |