Chimeric Antigen-Receptor T Cells Immunotherapy (CAR T Cells Immunotherapy)
Researches have shown clinically effective approaches to cancer immunotherapy, for example monoclonal antibodies directed against CTLA-4 and PD-1, which are inhibitory to costimulatory response of the T cells, and antibodies against these proteins block their inhibitory response(1). And by doing complicated ex vivo culture and cellular engineering approaches to adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), which is another form of immunotherapy(2) . ACT is a new branch of transfusion medicine that involves the infusion of lymphocytes to express antitumor, antiviral, or anti-inflammatory effects. Three forms of ACT are being developed as cancer therapy; including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptor (TCR) T cells, and CAR T cells(2) .
Other
Cancer has been identified as the most common cause of death worldwide. Throughout the past years, numerous traditional treatments and cytotoxic immunotherapies for neoplastic diseases have been developed. Considering the behavior of the tumors and the involvement of several genetic and cellular factors and basis in the growth of the tumor and its metastasis, there must be a promising immunotherapy to target the tumor at genetic and cellular levels. One of these immunotherapies is the adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), this report will cover one type of this method, which is CAR T cells, including components, materials used to initiate the treatment, mechanism of action, and its side effects.
