The cure of HIV infection by CCR5Δ32 stem cell transplantation

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, which infects and destroys certain white blood cells that are essential to the body's immune system. That causes acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS.When HIV infects the body's cell, it combines with that cell's genetic material and may be inactive for years.The main attachment receptor for HIV is the CD4 molecule that is present on the CD4 positive T (helper) lymphocyte, macrophages, and microglial cells.. The viral gp120 binds initially to this CD4 molecule, which then triggers a conformational change in the host-cell envelope that allows binding of the co-receptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4).Procedure that replace unhealthy cells with healthy ones is called stem cell transplantation.The major types or techniques are allogeneic and autologous transplants.Chemokine and their receptors are vital modulators of the immune response. CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)has been identified as a co-receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) the gene encoding CCR5 is located on chromosome 32. Absent cell surface expression of CCR5 and mediates resistance to HIV strains that use CCR5 for cell entry these observations have inspired the development of anti-HIV therapies.