Cow’s milk allergy on children
Allergy is a term used when an immune response results in exaggerated or inappropriate reactions harmful to the host. Generally speaking, allergy reactions occur in response to external stimuli (antigens) whereas autoimmune reactions occur in response to internal stimuli (antigens). The term allergy is often equated with hypersensitivity but more accurately should be limited to the IgE–mediated reactions . There are four different types of immunological hypersensitivity reactions, type I-VI. Type I is immunoglobulin (Ig)E dependent and results in acute (<1 h) symptoms due to mast cell activation upon antibody (especially IgE) receptor crosslinking. Type II, III and IV hypersensitivity reactions result in delayed or intermediate delayed symptoms, 6-92 h, upon allergen challenge
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Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is an abnormal response by the body's immune system to cow’s milk. It is one of the most common food allergies in children, however it also affects adults in later life, however CMA results from an immunological reaction to milk proteins (caseins and whey proteins ) There are different mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis and the main two described mechanisms at the basis of this disease refer to immunoglobulin E ( IgE-) and nonIgE- reactions . CMA cause symptoms including skin reactions, GIT upset such as stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. A study was done to compare the cow's milk protein specific IgE concentration between 3 groups of children, under the age of 3 years, another group over the age of 9 years and in another group of children above 11 years old. The study proved that the children above age of 11 years old lost their cow’s milk allergy protein The only way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid cow’s milk, However there are Medications are used such as antihistamines and epinephrine (adrenaline) which administrated as injection
